There are easy, and fairly cheap ways to determine asbestos content.
Here in the San Jose area, it was about $35 to get a sample tested.
In general, if your house was built after 1977, it legally
*shouldn't* be containing asbestos. The levels were gradually
diminished from the late 60's until then. Some earlier popcorn will
test at about 9% asbestos.
That said...
By (I think) some government (federal maybe?) standards if it
contains greater than 1% asbestos, then it is legally classified as
containing asbestos - as a "hazardous material". But in talking to
some removal companies (and some web readings), a homeowner can still
remove it yourself even if it is higher than that...it is just
disposal that is the real issue - must go to a haz mat site, bagged
and tagged in a specific manner. But if you are a contractor, the
laws are a bit different (or for a public building). I don't recall
the specific issues, but if you are a contractor, and don't do it by
the book, the fines are mighty big. There may be state and local laws
for you, and you have to check that out for your locale.
Asbestos is dangerous, but at what exposure levels, it still isn't
known.
If you are going to do the removal yourself, it really isn't hard.
But prep and cleanup are really what you need to pay attention to if
you are to do it the RIGHT way. And to document how you did it, and
what you did so that if someone (a future buyer) wants to know why
your house doesn't have the popcorn that contains asbestos, and all
of the others in the neighborhood do...you can prove you removed it
without contaminating the house. Yes, that is the *conservative*
route to DIY in this case, but then again, the removal cost in this
area is well over $2000 for a 1500 sq-ft house. And that doesn't
count any re-texturing. A little extra work and effort are well worth
not losing a sale over the issue.
Do do it "right":
Prep for you:
- disposable clothing (head to toe), or something you can rinse off.
- respirator (filter type that will filter asbestos fibers, not those
little white painters masks).
Prep for the room:
- It is preferrable to have the room ventilated to the outside, using
a hepa type filtration system if you have that or can rent it.
- "double bag" the room walls and flooring with plastic sheeting. Put
it up so that you can simply fold in the top layer with minimum
effort.
- Spray down the popcorn with a mixture of water and dish soap. I
used a garden sprayer. Get it pretty wet. Make sure to get the
corners (tape areas) well. They tend to be stubborn.
- Sometimes you might want to re-spray if it starts to dry out.
- Using an 18" drywall knife, just scrape it down. For the most part,
when wetted properly, it comes right down. One thing we did on the
one room we have done so far was to scrape it directly into a garbage
bag. Less to get airborne that way.
- Re-wet stubborn areas and finish the scraping.
- Gently fold the upper layer of plastic sheeting in, trapping all of
the popcorn inside. Bag it in 6 mil plastic bags (the requirements I
saw in CA were for double bagged in 6 mil bags, with specific
labeling requirements).
- With a wet sponge, wash down the ceiling and remaining plastic.
Fold it all in and bag as in the previous step.
- Then with a new wet sponge, clean the walls of the room. You are
then ready to re-texture.
All that said, in some cases, it is easier to slap new drywall over
the old. This can be a bit of a hassle, and will probably disturb
some asbestos fibers as well in that process. With 8' ceilings in my
house, I don't want to lose another 1/2"!
Oh yeah...don't do it on a hot day. I did mine in the middle of
winter (well, it was still 65 degrees here), but in a room with
little to no air circulation. Head to toe plastic covering me, and a
respirator...and climbing up and down a step ladder...you get pretty
sweaty.
You will spend more time prepping and cleaning than scraping...but
that's why they charge you so much to come in and do it. I don't
doubt that I left something out...do some web searching on asbestos
removal. I am by no means an expert (nor do I play one on TV). That
was just what I found in talking to some of the removal people, as
well as searching numerous web sites for info. Nothing beats doing
your own research and weighing the bulk of what you find. Besides,
you will have to find what you locals laws say about it all.
Good luck.
Bob